终止性动词也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词或点动词 英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy, join, die ,become等。
-
概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
-
用法特征
可用于现在完成时
终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:The train has arrived.火车到了。Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?不可与表示一段时间的状语连用
终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如:(1)他死了三年。误:He has died for three years.正:He has been dead for three years.正:He died three years ago.正:It is three years since he died.正:Three years has passed since he died.(2)他来这儿五天了。误:He has came here for five days.正:He has been here for five days.正:He came here five days ago.正:It is five days since he came here.正:Five days has passed since he came here.(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。可与表示否定的一段时间的状语连用
He hasn't left here since 1986.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.否定式与until/till连用
终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型,意为"直到……才……"。如:You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中
终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)不可与how long连用
终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如:误:How long have you come here?正:How long have you been here?正:When did you come here? -
误区
瞬间动词的误区进行时中leave, come 等终结性动词,没有进行时的形式。例如come这一个词,不与表达段的时间状语连用。比如我们不说: He has come for days. 而要说: He came days ago. 或: It’s days since he came. 常说的 He is coming. /He is leaving./ He is dying 等,并不是表示动作“正在进行”, 而是表示“动作即将发生”。所以,有些语法家认为:瞬间动词的进行时,是将来时的表达法之一。
-
转换
当终止性性动词与一段时间连用是,要转换为相应的延续性动词leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have,begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in,finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of,open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up,catch a cold→have a cold. close→be closed